mysql-下载-部署-登录-密码

数据库-安装-部署-登录-密码

数据库安装方式

安装方式一：yum/apt-get 	可以解决软件依赖关系（配置好下载源）
安装方式二：rpm包安装      需要提前在软件包，离线安装软件
安装方式三：源码编译安装	可以定制化安装软件，离线安装软件
安装方式四：二进制包安装  	可以快速部署数据库,	离线安装软件

安装8.0系列的长期支持版

#一:官网下载二进制软件包
https://www.mysql.com/cn/downloads/
#二:系统环境基础配置
1.确认系统是否可以连网/可以远程控制
ping www.baidu.com 
2.安装mysql依赖软件
apt-get install -y libaio-dev libncurses-dev numactl net-tools libssl-dev libtinfo5
3.创建服务用户与存储数据目录
useradd mysql -M -s /sbin/nologin 
mkdir -p /data/3306/data && chown mysql.mysql /data/3306/data 
#三:解压安装数据库程序
--------------------
cd /usr/local/
--------------------
tar xvf mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
--------------------
#创建软连接，更方便
ln -s mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql    --重要目录bin，存放数据库的命令信息（mysql mysqladmin mysqldump ...)
--------------------
#配置信息
vim ~/.bashrc 
export PATH="$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin"
--------------------
#source一下
source ~/.bashrc
--------------------
#查看mysql版本
mysql -v
--------------------
#四:编写数据库服务配置文件
cat > /etc/my.cnf <<eof
[mysql]
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
user=mysql
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/3306/data
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
eof
--------------------
#步骤五：数据库服务初始化操作
mysqld --initialize-insecure  --user=mysql  --datadir=/data/3306/data  --basedir=/usr/local/mysql 
-- 进行不安全初始化，不会创建root用户临时密码（root用户可以免密登录）
2024-10-08T03:56:46.159721Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/local/mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.32) initializing of server in progress as process 2090
2024-10-08T03:56:46.184294Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2024-10-08T03:56:47.034991Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
2024-10-08T03:56:48.696529Z 6 [Warning] [MY-010453] [Server] root@localhost is created with an empty password ! Please consider switching off the --initialize-insecure option.
-- 没有看到初始化中的错误或失败信息，表示初始化成功（不安全）

启动mysql管理

#方法一 mysql自带的脚本启动
--------------------  #数据库日志位置
[root@db01 /usr/local/mysql/data]# ls  db01.err 
db01.err
[root@db01 /usr/local/mysql/data]# pwd
/usr/local/mysql/data
--------------------   #mysql启动位置
[root@db01 /usr/local/mysql/support-files]# ls mysql.server 
mysql.server
[root@db01 /usr/local/mysql/support-files]# pwd
/usr/local/mysql/support-files
-------------------- #启动
[root@db01 /usr/local]# /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start
Starting MySQL
.Logging to '/data/3306/data/db01.err'.
.. * 
-------------------- #查看mysql系统进程
[root@db-01 local]# ps -ef|grep mysql
root       2386      1  0 15:07 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/data/3306/data --pid-file=/data/3306/data/db-01.pid
                                 #-- 以上进程称为数据库主进程    #-- 管理进程
mysql      2525   2386 15 15:07 pts/0    00:00:03 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/3306/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=db-01.err --pid-file=/data/3306/data/db-01.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
-- 以上进程称为数据库子进程            -- 工作进程

-------------------- #查看端口  ss -tnulp也行
[root@db-01 local]# netstat -lntup|grep 3306
tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN      2525/mysqld         
tcp6       0      0 :::33060                :::*                    LISTEN      2525/mysqld 
-------------------- #关闭数据库
/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server stop

#方法二编写mysql.service文件，被systemctl命令加载（systemctl daemon-reload）
cat > /etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service <<'EOF'
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
After=network.target

[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
ExecStop=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot -p'' shutdown
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65535

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
[root@db01 /usr/local]# systemctl daemon-reload
--------------------  #测试是否成功
[root@db01 /usr/local]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@db01 /usr/local]# netstat -tnulp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name    
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      909/sshd: /usr/sbin 
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.53:53           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      837/systemd-resolve 
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      909/sshd: /usr/sbin 
tcp6       0      0 :::33060                :::*                    LISTEN      2323/mysqld         
tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN      2323/mysqld         
udp        0      0 127.0.0.53:53           0.0.0.0:*                           837/systemd-resolve 
[root@db01 /usr/local]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
     Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running) since Thu 2026-03-19 19:32:57 CST; 10s ago
   Main PID: 2323 (mysqld)
      Tasks: 39 (limit: 4515)
     Memory: 460.4M
        CPU: 1.175s
     CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
             └─2323 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf

Mar 19 19:32:57 db01 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
.......
[root@db01 /usr/local]# systemctl stop mysqld
[root@db01 /usr/local]# netstat -tnulp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name    
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      909/sshd: /usr/sbin 
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.53:53           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      837/systemd-resolve 
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      909/sshd: /usr/sbin 
udp        0      0 127.0.0.53:53           0.0.0.0:*                           837/systemd-resolve 

密码

--------------------#设置密码：(没有密码可以设置密码）
mysqladmin -uroot password "你想输入的密码"
mysql> alter user root@'localhost' identified by '123';
--------------------#修改密码
mysqladmin -uroot -p123456 password "你想改的密码"
mysql> alter user root@'localhost' identified by '123';
--------------------#如果忘记密码....
1.先停掉mysql
systemctl stop mysqld
pkill mysqld  # 强制杀死，确保彻底停掉
2.免密登录
mysqld --user=mysql --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking &
3.登录不需要密码
mysql -uroot
4.重置密码
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '新密码';